晴读（20）《考虑闭环供应链废旧产品再利用的以旧换新策略研究》

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＂Qing Reading (20)：

The Theoretical Basis and Related Literature Review of

"Research on Trade-in Strategies Considering the Reuse of Waste Products in Closed-Loop Supply Chains".

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本期推文将从思维导图、精读内容、知识补充三个方面介绍《考虑闭环供应链废旧产品再利用的以旧换新策略研究》的理论基础与相关文献综述

一、思维导图（Mind Map）

二、内容精读（Intensive Content Reading）

1.理论基础。该论文的理论基础涵盖了闭环供应链、再利用、以旧换新、博弈论及消费者理论五个核心方面。其中，闭环供应链是2003年基于资源短缺、环境恶化等背景提出的，由正向供应链与逆向供应链结合形成闭环，旨在减少废物排放并降低成本，应用于多领域且具有闭合循环等特征。再利用指的是对废物或用过物品直接使用或经维修、翻新、再制造后使用，强调“废物即资源”，三者在工艺和效果上存在差异；以旧换新是消费者交旧产品购新品可获折扣的模式，对消费者、企业和政府均有益，适用于多类产品且有特定流程。而博弈论由冯·诺依曼等学者发展完善，研究决策主体策略调整，包含局中人等要素，有多种分类及经典模型；消费者理论研究消费行为规律，涉及效用、选择、需求等理论，分析消费者如何实现效用最大化。这些理论为论文后续研究提供了概念框架和分析基础。

1. Theoretical Basis The theoretical basis of this paper covers five core aspects: closed-loop supply chain, reuse, trade-in, Game theory, and consumer theory. Among them, the concept of a closed-loop supply chain was proposed in 2003, against the backdrop of resource shortages and environmental deterioration. It forms a closed loop by combining the forward supply chain and the reverse supply chain, aiming to reduce waste emissions and lower costs. It is applied in multiple fields and has the characteristics of a closed cycle. Reuse refers to the direct use of waste or used items, or their use after repair, refurbishment, or remanufacturing, emphasizing that "waste is a resource". There are differences in processes and effects among these three (repair, refurbishment, remanufacturing). Trade-in is a model where consumers can obtain discounts by exchanging old products for new ones. It is beneficial to consumers, enterprises, and the government, applicable to various types of products, and has specific procedures. Game theory was developed and improved by scholars such as John von Neumann. It studies the strategy adjustment of decision-making subjects, including elements such as players, and has various classifications and classic models. Consumer theory studies the laws of consumer behavior, involving theories of utility, choice, and demand, and analyzes how consumers maximize their utility. These theories provide a conceptual framework and analytical basis for the subsequent research of the paper.

2.闭环供应链相关研究。鉴于废旧产品的环保与经济价值，其一直是学者研究热点，而环保效益和经济利益也是企业实施闭环供应链的根本原因。目前学术界成果丰硕，主要从多个方面展开研究：定价策略上，学者们基于博弈论、政府补贴、回收商特征等探究最优定价；回收策略方面，涉及回收商竞争、电商平台回收、回收站容量约束等对回收与定价的影响；退货策略是研究热点，涵盖全渠道退货、回购契约、参考价格效应等情境下的策略分析；协调机制研究引入收益共享、成本分摊等契约，结合碳排放约束、公平关切等因素探讨协调效果；此外，政府政策的激励或管制也是研究方向，包括补贴、专利保护、奖惩机制等对闭环供应链利润、效益及决策的影响。

2. Research on closed-loop supply chains. Given the environmental and economic value of waste products, they have long been a research hotspot among scholars, and environmental benefits and economic interests are also the fundamental reasons for enterprises to implement closed-loop supply chains. At present, the academic community has achieved fruitful results, mainly carrying out research from multiple aspects: in terms of pricing strategies, scholars explore optimal pricing based on game theory, government subsidies, recycler characteristics, etc.; in terms of recycling strategies, it involves the impact of recycler competition, e-commerce platform recycling, recycling station capacity constraints, etc. on recycling and pricing; return strategies are a research hotspot, covering strategy analysis under scenarios such as omni-channel returns, repurchase contracts, and reference price effects; research on coordination mechanisms introduces contracts such as revenue sharing and cost sharing, and discusses coordination effects in combination with factors such as carbon emission constraints and fairness concerns; in addition, government policy incentives or regulations are also a research direction, including the impact of subsidies, patent protection, reward and punishment mechanisms, etc. on the profits, benefits and decisions of closed-loop supply chains.

3.产品再利用相关研究。关于产品维修的研究较早，前人研究认识到其在延长产品生命周期、节约资源和保护环境中的作用，研究围绕消费者对维修的感知意识，如培养相关意识及探究风险与生态认识的影响；产品可维修性，如提出延长寿命的措施及研究其对消费者选择和维修模型的影响；保修服务，涉及再制造产品定价、保修期及政府补贴等的影响；延保服务，包括其对各方的影响、竞争及渠道选择等。产品翻新研究关注其带来的经济与环境效益，以及消费者购买意愿，主要集中在翻新授权策略，如自主或授权他人翻新的条件与影响；供应链契约的作用，如不同契约下的回收与定价决策；翻新及定价策略，如质量差异、竞争情形下的决策；以及与新产品、再制造品共存时的均衡策略。产品再制造研究聚焦其社会价值与经济效益，围绕再制造策略，如回收限制、设计策略的影响；生产与定价策略，如碳排放政策、市场细分下的决策；流程与技术创新以降低成本；与新产品的共存竞争；政府干预，如补贴政策的作用；及不同回收方式对再制造的影响。

3. Research on product reuse. Research on product repair started relatively early. Previous studies have recognized its role in extending product life cycles, saving resources, and protecting the environment. Relevant research focuses on consumers' awareness of repair, such as cultivating related awareness and exploring the impact of risk and ecological cognition; product repairability, such as proposing measures to extend service life and studying its impact on consumer choices and repair models; warranty services, involving the impact of pricing of remanufactured products, warranty periods, and government subsidies; and extended warranty services, including their impact on various parties, competition, and channel selection. Research on product refurbishment focuses on its economic and environmental benefits, as well as consumers' purchase intentions. It mainly centers on refurbishment authorization strategies, such as the conditions and impacts of independent refurbishment or authorizing others to refurbish; the role of supply chain contracts, such as recycling and pricing decisions under different contracts; refurbishment and pricing strategies, such as decisions under scenarios of quality differences and competition; and the equilibrium strategies when coexisting with new products and remanufactured products. Research on product remanufacturing focuses on its social value and economic benefits. It revolves around remanufacturing strategies, such as the impact of recycling restrictions and design strategies; production and pricing strategies, such as decisions under carbon emission policies and market segmentation; process and technological innovation to reduce costs; competition with new products in coexistence; government intervention, such as the role of subsidy policies; and the impact of different recycling methods on remanufacturing.

4.以旧换新与以旧换再相关研究。以旧换新研究围绕多方面展开，在策略与定价上，涉及不同主导方、市场模式、产品类型等情境下的最优策略及定价，还有市场细分、产品换代等因素的影响；在方式及渠道选择上，考察了不同返利方式、混合方案、回收模型等对定价和利润的影响；在竞争环境下，关注双寡头竞争、第三方竞争等对策略和定价的作用；政府参与方面，研究了补贴政策等对企业、消费者和社会的影响，此外还有供应链效益或回收策略的相关探讨。以旧换再研究相对较少且多与以旧换新相关，主要包括基于以旧换新成果的生产与定价策略，涉及消费者偏好、政府补贴等影响；实施条件及定价策略，考虑再制造产品接受性等因素；以及政府补贴与激励措施对企业的影响，如双重参考效应、最佳补贴政策等的作用。

4. Research on trade-in and trade-in for remanufactured products. Studies on trade-in (exchanging old products for new ones) have been carried out from multiple perspectives. In terms of strategies and pricing, they involve optimal strategies and pricing under scenarios such as different dominant parties, market models, and product types, as well as the impacts of factors like market segmentation and product upgrading; in terms of mode and channel selection, they examine the influences of different rebate methods, mixed schemes, and recycling models on pricing and profits; in competitive environments, they focus on the effects of duopoly competition, third-party competition, etc., on strategies and pricing; in terms of government participation, they study the impacts of subsidy policies and other measures on enterprises, consumers, and society, in addition to discussions on supply chain benefits or recycling strategies. Research on trade-in for remanufactured products (exchanging old products for remanufactured ones) is relatively scarce and mostly related to trade-in for new products. It mainly includes production and pricing strategies based on the achievements of trade-in for new products, involving the impacts of consumer preferences, government subsidies, etc.; implementation conditions and pricing strategies, considering factors such as consumer acceptance of remanufactured products; and the influences of government subsidies and incentive measures on enterprises, such as the role of dual reference effects and optimal subsidy policies.

5.消费者行为相关研究。消费者行为相关研究主要包含数学模型与实验研究，实验研究通过实验观察决策结果来分析影响因素，本文关注的数学模型研究则是将消费者行为因素引入供应链模型，探究其对企业决策的影响，像二手产品折价、价格歧视、市场不确定性等情境下的相关研究。同时，有学者对该领域文献进行综述，梳理演变与趋势。研究涉及多种消费者行为，战略性行为是综合当前和未来收益做决策，短视性行为是仅考虑当前利益，学者们或单独或同时研究这两种行为，分析其对企业定价、以旧换新等策略的影响；预期后悔行为是决策时考虑可能的后悔，会影响企业利润和策略；心理账户行为是违背经济运算法则的不理性决策，对企业库存管理、定价等有影响；还有风险规避行为、行为偏好、搭便车行为等，分别对企业库存、订货量、定价、渠道选择等决策产生影响。

5. Research on consumer behavior . Research related to consumer behavior mainly includes mathematical models and experimental studies. Experimental studies analyze influencing factors by observing decision-making results through experiments. The mathematical model research focused on in this paper introduces consumer behavior factors into the supply chain model to explore their impact on enterprise decisions, such as research in scenarios like second-hand product discounts, price discrimination, and market uncertainty. At the same time, some scholars have reviewed the literature in this field, sorting out its evolution and trends. The research involves various types of consumer behavior. Strategic behavior refers to making decisions by considering both current and future benefits; myopic behavior refers to making decisions based only on current interests. Scholars study these two types of behavior either separately or simultaneously, analyzing their impact on enterprise strategies such as pricing and trade-in. Anticipated regret behavior refers to considering possible regrets when making decisions, which will affect enterprise profits and strategies. Mental accounting behavior is an irrational decision-making process that violates economic algorithms, which has an impact on enterprise inventory management and pricing. In addition, there are risk-averse behavior, behavioral preferences, free-riding behavior, etc., which respectively affect enterprise decisions such as inventory, order quantity, pricing, and channel selection.

三、知识补充（Knowledge Supplement）

1.闭环供应链是在传统供应链（采购-生产-销售）基础上，增加了回收、再利用等环节，能让产品在生命周期结束后被回收处理，实现资源循环。

1. The closed-loop supply chain is built on the traditional supply chain (procurement-production-sales) with additional links such as recycling and reuse. It enables products to be recycled and processed at the end of their life cycles, realizing resource circulation.

2.消费者的购买行为会影响闭环供应链，比如选择环保产品或参与以旧换新，能推动企业更注重产品回收和再制造。

2. Consumers' purchasing behaviors can affect the closed-loop supply chain. For example, choosing environmentally friendly products or participating in trade-in programs can prompt enterprises to pay more attention to product recycling and remanufacturing.

3.闭环供应链能帮助企业降低成本，还能减少环境污染，是兼顾经济效益和环境效益的运营模式。

3. The closed-loop supply chain can help enterprises reduce costs and reduce environmental pollution, making it an operational model that balances economic and environmental benefits.

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翻译：谷歌翻译

参考资料：百度百科、ChatGPT

参考文献： 刘凯玲. 考虑闭环供应链废旧产品再利用的以旧换新策略研究 [D]. 吉林大学, 2024.

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